بررسی توارث‌پذیری، تجزیه علَیت و تحلیل عامل‌ها در ژنوتیپ‌های گندم پاییزه (Triticum aestivum L.)

Grain yield has a usually the low heritability, consequently to predict this trait it is recommended to use some morphological characters having a high heritability with high correlation with grain yield. To study of relationships between traits and to find out traits having the high influence on grain weight, 36 winter wheat cultivars were planted through a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Based on soil analysis chemical fertilizers were used before seed planting. The differences among cultivars for all traits were significant, with exception of time to seedling emergence and time to heading. Flag leaf width and distance flag leaf to spike traits showed the highest heritability whereas the lowest heritability was estimated for time to seedling emergence and flag leaf length. The correlation between 1000 grain weight and time to seedling emergence, flag leaf width was positive, and plant height at heading time and plant height was negative and significant (P≤0.01). In multiple regression analysis by stepwise method, plant height at heading time, spike length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width traits were entered into model and used in path analysis for 1000 grain weight. Flag leaf length had the highest direct and negative effect on grain weight. At factor analysis three main factors including effective factor on yield, Photosynthesis and ripening period were identified. In studied cultivars, the Flag leaf width and plant height at heading time can be used as selection index for 1000 grain weight.